TY - JOUR AU - Hernández Svendblad, Pilar PY - 2020/06/24 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Predicción de BPN a 32 Semanas de Gestación en Hospital Nacional General. Modelo De Cilindro JF - Realidad y Reflexión JA - Realidad y Reflexión VL - 51 IS - 0 SE - Artículos DO - 10.5377/ryr.v51i0.9860 UR - https://www.lamjol.info/index.php/RyR/article/view/9860 SP - 127 - 141 AB - <p><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">El bajo peso al nacer (BPN) corresponde a la causa más importante que afecta a la mortalidad neonatal y a la morbilidad infantil.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">Algunos estudios muestran una fuerte relación entre el bajo peso al nacer y factores biológicos</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;de la madre</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">, socioeconómi</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">cos y sanitarios</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">, por ejemplo, altura materna, pobreza y&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">bajo número de controles prenatales</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">, respectivamente</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">. Debido a que estos&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">factores&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">no pueden ser solucionados de manera inmediata, se&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">intentó</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;desarrollar un modelo predictivo&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">que los omitiera</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">, y, además, sea accesible a los&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">establecimientos</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;de salud</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">, clínicas, hospitales,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">independientemente si son públicos o privados, pero especialmente aquellos&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">que no</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;dispone</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">n</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;de equipo tecnológico&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">suficiente</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;para llevar un monitoreo fetal&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">adecuado</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">. Para&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">atender tal objetivo</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;se llevó a cabo un levantamiento de datos e</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">specíficos de las&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">hojas de Historia Clínica</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;Perinatal</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">CLAP</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;de los expedientes&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">clínicos&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">correspondiente</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">s</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;a las madres con resultado</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">s</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;a término con Bajo Peso al Nacer entre los años 201</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">6 y&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">2018</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">del</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">Hospital Nacional General de Neumología y Medicina Familiar: “Dr. José Antonio Saldaña”</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;Dentro de los datos tomados hubo dos variables que se consideraron ajenos a factores biológicos maternos, socioeconómicos y sanitarios:&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">a</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">ltura uterina y&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">e</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">dad&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">g</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">estacional. Estas dos variables han sido suficiente para construir el modelo de cilindro que nos ha ayudado a predecir, dentro de las limitaciones del estudio, el peso al nacer a 37</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;y&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">38</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;semanas</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">,</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">&nbsp;a partir de los dat</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">os de la edad gestacional&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">de&nbsp;</span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0" lang="ES-SV" xml:lang="ES-SV" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW199255889 BCX0">32 ± 1 semana.</span></span></p> ER -